Vertebrates on the brink as indicators of biological annihilation and the sixth mass extinction.
Identifieur interne : 000158 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000157; suivant : 000159Vertebrates on the brink as indicators of biological annihilation and the sixth mass extinction.
Auteurs : Gerardo Ceballos [Mexique] ; Paul R. Ehrlich [États-Unis] ; Peter H. Raven [États-Unis]Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [ 1091-6490 ] ; 2020.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Activités humaines (MeSH), Animaux (MeSH), Animaux sauvages (MeSH), Changement climatique (MeSH), Commerce (MeSH), Conservation des ressources naturelles (MeSH), Densité de population (MeSH), Espèce en voie de disparition (MeSH), Extinction biologique (MeSH), Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie), Pandémies (MeSH), Pneumopathie virale (épidémiologie), Vertébrés (classification), Écosystème (MeSH).
- MESH :
- épidémiologie : Infections à coronavirus, Pneumopathie virale.
- classification : Activités humaines, Animaux, Animaux sauvages, Changement climatique, Commerce, Conservation des ressources naturelles, Densité de population, Espèce en voie de disparition, Extinction biologique, Pandémies, Vertébrés, Écosystème.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals (MeSH), Animals, Wild (MeSH), COVID-19 (MeSH), Climate Change (MeSH), Commerce (MeSH), Conservation of Natural Resources (MeSH), Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Ecosystem (MeSH), Endangered Species (MeSH), Extinction, Biological (MeSH), Human Activities (MeSH), Pandemics (MeSH), Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology), Population Density (MeSH), Vertebrates (classification).
- MESH :
- classification : Vertebrates.
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections, Pneumonia, Viral.
- Animals, Animals, Wild, COVID-19, Climate Change, Commerce, Conservation of Natural Resources, Ecosystem, Endangered Species, Extinction, Biological, Human Activities, Pandemics, Population Density.
Abstract
The ongoing sixth mass species extinction is the result of the destruction of component populations leading to eventual extirpation of entire species. Populations and species extinctions have severe implications for society through the degradation of ecosystem services. Here we assess the extinction crisis from a different perspective. We examine 29,400 species of terrestrial vertebrates, and determine which are on the brink of extinction because they have fewer than 1,000 individuals. There are 515 species on the brink (1.7% of the evaluated vertebrates). Around 94% of the populations of 77 mammal and bird species on the brink have been lost in the last century. Assuming all species on the brink have similar trends, more than 237,000 populations of those species have vanished since 1900. We conclude the human-caused sixth mass extinction is likely accelerating for several reasons. First, many of the species that have been driven to the brink will likely become extinct soon. Second, the distribution of those species highly coincides with hundreds of other endangered species, surviving in regions with high human impacts, suggesting ongoing regional biodiversity collapses. Third, close ecological interactions of species on the brink tend to move other species toward annihilation when they disappear-extinction breeds extinctions. Finally, human pressures on the biosphere are growing rapidly, and a recent example is the current coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, linked to wildlife trade. Our results reemphasize the extreme urgency of taking much-expanded worldwide actions to save wild species and humanity's crucial life-support systems from this existential threat.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1922686117
PubMed: 32482862
PubMed Central: PMC7306750
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Vertebrates on the brink as indicators of biological annihilation and the sixth mass extinction.</title><author><name sortKey="Ceballos, Gerardo" sort="Ceballos, Gerardo" uniqKey="Ceballos G" first="Gerardo" last="Ceballos">Gerardo Ceballos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México; gceballo@ecologia.unam.mx.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>04510 Ciudad de México</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ehrlich, Paul R" sort="Ehrlich, Paul R" uniqKey="Ehrlich P" first="Paul R" last="Ehrlich">Paul R. Ehrlich</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raven, Peter H" sort="Raven, Peter H" uniqKey="Raven P" first="Peter H" last="Raven">Peter H. Raven</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Science Department, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63110.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Plant Science Department, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2020">2020</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:32482862</idno><idno type="pmid">32482862</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1922686117</idno><idno type="pmc">PMC7306750</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Corpus">000665</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000665</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000665</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Main" wicri:step="Curation">000665</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000665</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Vertebrates on the brink as indicators of biological annihilation and the sixth mass extinction.</title><author><name sortKey="Ceballos, Gerardo" sort="Ceballos, Gerardo" uniqKey="Ceballos G" first="Gerardo" last="Ceballos">Gerardo Ceballos</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México; gceballo@ecologia.unam.mx.</nlm:affiliation><country wicri:rule="url">Mexique</country><wicri:regionArea>Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>04510 Ciudad de México</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ehrlich, Paul R" sort="Ehrlich, Paul R" uniqKey="Ehrlich P" first="Paul R" last="Ehrlich">Paul R. Ehrlich</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Californie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Raven, Peter H" sort="Raven, Peter H" uniqKey="Raven P" first="Peter H" last="Raven">Peter H. Raven</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Plant Science Department, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63110.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Plant Science Department, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals (MeSH)</term><term>Animals, Wild (MeSH)</term><term>COVID-19 (MeSH)</term><term>Climate Change (MeSH)</term><term>Commerce (MeSH)</term><term>Conservation of Natural Resources (MeSH)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Ecosystem (MeSH)</term><term>Endangered Species (MeSH)</term><term>Extinction, Biological (MeSH)</term><term>Human Activities (MeSH)</term><term>Pandemics (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral (epidemiology)</term><term>Population Density (MeSH)</term><term>Vertebrates (classification)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Activités humaines (MeSH)</term><term>Animaux (MeSH)</term><term>Animaux sauvages (MeSH)</term><term>Changement climatique (MeSH)</term><term>Commerce (MeSH)</term><term>Conservation des ressources naturelles (MeSH)</term><term>Densité de population (MeSH)</term><term>Espèce en voie de disparition (MeSH)</term><term>Extinction biologique (MeSH)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie)</term><term>Pandémies (MeSH)</term><term>Pneumopathie virale (épidémiologie)</term><term>Vertébrés (classification)</term><term>Écosystème (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="en"><term>Vertebrates</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Pneumonia, Viral</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Pneumopathie virale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Animals, Wild</term><term>COVID-19</term><term>Climate Change</term><term>Commerce</term><term>Conservation of Natural Resources</term><term>Ecosystem</term><term>Endangered Species</term><term>Extinction, Biological</term><term>Human Activities</term><term>Pandemics</term><term>Population Density</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="classification" xml:lang="fr"><term>Activités humaines</term><term>Animaux</term><term>Animaux sauvages</term><term>Changement climatique</term><term>Commerce</term><term>Conservation des ressources naturelles</term><term>Densité de population</term><term>Espèce en voie de disparition</term><term>Extinction biologique</term><term>Pandémies</term><term>Vertébrés</term><term>Écosystème</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The ongoing sixth mass species extinction is the result of the destruction of component populations leading to eventual extirpation of entire species. Populations and species extinctions have severe implications for society through the degradation of ecosystem services. Here we assess the extinction crisis from a different perspective. We examine 29,400 species of terrestrial vertebrates, and determine which are on the brink of extinction because they have fewer than 1,000 individuals. There are 515 species on the brink (1.7% of the evaluated vertebrates). Around 94% of the populations of 77 mammal and bird species on the brink have been lost in the last century. Assuming all species on the brink have similar trends, more than 237,000 populations of those species have vanished since 1900. We conclude the human-caused sixth mass extinction is likely accelerating for several reasons. First, many of the species that have been driven to the brink will likely become extinct soon. Second, the distribution of those species highly coincides with hundreds of other endangered species, surviving in regions with high human impacts, suggesting ongoing regional biodiversity collapses. Third, close ecological interactions of species on the brink tend to move other species toward annihilation when they disappear-extinction breeds extinctions. Finally, human pressures on the biosphere are growing rapidly, and a recent example is the current coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, linked to wildlife trade. Our results reemphasize the extreme urgency of taking much-expanded worldwide actions to save wild species and humanity's crucial life-support systems from this existential threat.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">32482862</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>22</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>18</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1091-6490</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>117</Volume><Issue>24</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>16</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Vertebrates on the brink as indicators of biological annihilation and the sixth mass extinction.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>13596-13602</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1073/pnas.1922686117</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The ongoing sixth mass species extinction is the result of the destruction of component populations leading to eventual extirpation of entire species. Populations and species extinctions have severe implications for society through the degradation of ecosystem services. Here we assess the extinction crisis from a different perspective. We examine 29,400 species of terrestrial vertebrates, and determine which are on the brink of extinction because they have fewer than 1,000 individuals. There are 515 species on the brink (1.7% of the evaluated vertebrates). Around 94% of the populations of 77 mammal and bird species on the brink have been lost in the last century. Assuming all species on the brink have similar trends, more than 237,000 populations of those species have vanished since 1900. We conclude the human-caused sixth mass extinction is likely accelerating for several reasons. First, many of the species that have been driven to the brink will likely become extinct soon. Second, the distribution of those species highly coincides with hundreds of other endangered species, surviving in regions with high human impacts, suggesting ongoing regional biodiversity collapses. Third, close ecological interactions of species on the brink tend to move other species toward annihilation when they disappear-extinction breeds extinctions. Finally, human pressures on the biosphere are growing rapidly, and a recent example is the current coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) pandemic, linked to wildlife trade. Our results reemphasize the extreme urgency of taking much-expanded worldwide actions to save wild species and humanity's crucial life-support systems from this existential threat.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2020 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ceballos</LastName><ForeName>Gerardo</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-8374-2656</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Ciudad de México, México; gceballo@ecologia.unam.mx.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ehrlich</LastName><ForeName>Paul R</ForeName><Initials>PR</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-8753-9292</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Center for Conservation Biology, Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94304.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Raven</LastName><ForeName>Peter H</ForeName><Initials>PH</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Plant Science Department, Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, MO 63110.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2020</Year><Month>06</Month><Day>01</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7505876</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0027-8424</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000835" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals, Wild</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000086382" MajorTopicYN="N">COVID-19</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D057231" MajorTopicYN="N">Climate Change</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003132" MajorTopicYN="N">Commerce</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003247" MajorTopicYN="N">Conservation of Natural Resources</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D017753" MajorTopicYN="Y">Ecosystem</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D056727" MajorTopicYN="N">Endangered Species</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053476" MajorTopicYN="Y">Extinction, Biological</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006802" MajorTopicYN="N">Human Activities</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058873" MajorTopicYN="N">Pandemics</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011024" MajorTopicYN="N">Pneumonia, Viral</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000453" MajorTopicYN="Y">epidemiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D011156" MajorTopicYN="N">Population Density</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014714" MajorTopicYN="Y">Vertebrates</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000145" MajorTopicYN="N">classification</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">conservation</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">ecosystem services</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">endangered species</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">population extinctions</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">sixth mass extinction</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare no competing interest.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2020</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>3</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2020</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>23</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2020</Year><Month>6</Month><Day>3</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">32482862</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pii">1922686117</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1073/pnas.1922686117</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC7306750</ArticleId></ArticleIdList><ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>Trends Ecol Evol. 2008 Jan;23(1):14-9</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18037531</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Annu Rev Entomol. 2019 Jan 7;64:167-184</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30296858</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>PLoS One. 2017 Oct 18;12(10):e0185809</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29045418</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 2003 Oct 17;302(5644):391</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">14563988</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Oct 30;115(44):E10397-E10406</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30322922</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Biol Sci. 2002 Aug 22;269(1501):1721-7</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12204134</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 2014 Jul 25;345(6195):401-6</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25061202</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 2002 May 3;296(5569):904-7</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">11988573</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Jan 26;113(4):880-5</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26504217</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Sci Adv. 2015 May 01;1(4):e1400103</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26601172</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Curr Biol. 2015 Oct 5;25(19):R941-52</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26439357</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>PLoS One. 2017 Apr 25;12(4):e0175931</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28441467</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Annu Rev Entomol. 2020 Jan 7;65:457-480</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31610138</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Trends Ecol Evol. 2017 May;32(5):317-320</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28268023</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>PLoS One. 2019 Jul 9;14(7):e0216270</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31287815</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2018 Jun 19;115(25):6506-6511</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29784790</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 2014 May 30;344(6187):1246752</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24876501</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nature. 2011 Mar 3;471(7336):51-7</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21368823</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 1982 Mar 19;215(4539):1501-3</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17788674</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 2019 Mar 29;363(6434):1459-1463</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30923224</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 1986 Jan 10;231(4734):129-33</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17842630</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2002 Jun 11;99(12):8139-44</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12060760</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Trends Ecol Evol. 2014 Dec;29(12):664-72</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25445878</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 1995 Apr 7;268(5207):52-8</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">7701342</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 2008 Jan 11;319(5860):192-5</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18187652</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Nat Ecol Evol. 2019 Jul;3(7):1043-1047</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31182811</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>PLoS Biol. 2004 Jul;2(7):E197</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15252445</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 2019 Oct 11;366(6462):255-258</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">31601772</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2010 Mar 16;107(11):5036-40</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20194772</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Sci Adv. 2015 Jun 19;1(5):e1400253</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26601195</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Biol Bull. 1991 Feb;180(1):72-80</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">29303643</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2017 Jul 25;114(30):E6089-E6096</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28696295</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference><Reference><Citation>Science. 2011 Feb 25;331(6020):1068-71</Citation><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21292938</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></Reference></ReferenceList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Mexique</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Californie</li><li>Missouri (État)</li></region></list><tree><country name="Mexique"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ceballos, Gerardo" sort="Ceballos, Gerardo" uniqKey="Ceballos G" first="Gerardo" last="Ceballos">Gerardo Ceballos</name></noRegion></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Ehrlich, Paul R" sort="Ehrlich, Paul R" uniqKey="Ehrlich P" first="Paul R" last="Ehrlich">Paul R. Ehrlich</name></region><name sortKey="Raven, Peter H" sort="Raven, Peter H" uniqKey="Raven P" first="Peter H" last="Raven">Peter H. Raven</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/CovidStanfordV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000158 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000158 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Sante
|area= CovidStanfordV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Exploration
|type= RBID
|clé= pubmed:32482862
|texte= Vertebrates on the brink as indicators of biological annihilation and the sixth mass extinction.
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:32482862" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CovidStanfordV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38. |  |